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When was it built?
教學目標
1． 學習一些公共場所的標志和說明，要能正確理解，規(guī)范自己的行為。
2． 掌握本單元的詞匯，特別是一些短語的用法。
3． 進一步復習一些電話用語和電話對話中時態(tài)的綜合運用。
4． 進一步學習被動語態(tài)，特別是一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞形式，它的肯定式、否定式、疑問式及其答語等。
5． 認真學習"A visit to the Natural Museum"，掌握一些有關(guān)dinosaur的常識，豐富自己的背景知識。
6． 能運用所學句型及語法結(jié)構(gòu)來談論某些物品的制作、產(chǎn)地和作用以及制成材料的日常用語。
教學建議
教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元主要圍繞學習方向和常見的標志語，以及對話（打電話）的方式學習了“詢問……”的表達法，學習了一些地點、建筑物和機構(gòu)的名稱，學習了一些常用的詞、短語和句型，通過對話的方式學會如何談論展品。通過課文“A visit to the Natural History Museum”， 很自然地引出了一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。講述了一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成，它的肯定、否定和疑問句式及其簡略答語。通過本單元的學習，我們要掌握一些有關(guān)dinosaurs的常識，來豐富自己的一些短語和習慣用語。
本單元的短語和習慣用語
(一) 短語與詞組
1. in town 在城里
2. on show 陳列，展出
3. hundreds of 成百上千的
4. the way to 到……的路
5. on display 展出，陳列
6. a visit to… 一次去……的參觀
7. be interested in 對……感興趣
8. a group of 一群，一組，一對
9. in the 1920s 在二十世紀二十年代
10. long long ago 很久以前
11. long before 遠在……以前
12. That’s a pity 很遺憾
13. on the earth 在地球上
14. be covered with 用……覆蓋
15. the feathered dinosaurs 長有羽毛的恐龍
16. In the future 在將來
17. be founded （被）成立
18. where else 別的什么地方
19. look up 查閱（單詞……）
20. No smoking. 禁止吸煙。
21. No parking. 禁止停車
22. This side up 此面朝上
23. business hours 營業(yè)時間
24. No photos 禁止拍照
（二）常用的英語標識語。注意，標識語一般采用大寫形式。
CLOSED 打烊 PUSH 推 PULL拉
NO SMOKING 禁止吸煙 NO PARKING 禁止停車
NO PHOTOS禁止拍照 DANGER危險
PLAY 播放 STOP 停止 PAUSE 暫停
ON開 OFF關(guān) BUSINESS HOURS營業(yè)時間
OFFICE HOURS 辦公時間 FRAGILE易碎
THIS SIDE UP 此面朝上 ENTRANCE入口處
EXIT出口處 OPEN營業(yè)中
（三）日常交際用語
1．電話用語
This is… speaking 我是……
2． 表示“有……”：
Are there any new inventions?
Is there any…?
3．其他
That’s very interesting. 那非常有趣。
Yes, many more. 是的，有許多。
When was the PLA founded? 中國人民解放軍什么時候成立的？ （被動語態(tài)）
It’s best to…
Thanks to…
What’s next?
The ground must be just right.
The hole should not be too deep.
教學建議
本單元重點例句及相關(guān)知識的講解
1. I saw many old inventions on show.
我看到了許多古老的發(fā)明物在展覽。
on show意思是“陳列，展覽”。on表示“處于某種狀態(tài)中”。show在此作名詞用，與on構(gòu)成短語，on + 名詞還有
on duty（值日），
on sale（出售），
on business（出差），
on leave（休假）等。例如：
There are a number of model cars on show in the museum. And some of the old things are on sale now. She went to Beijing on business last week. Her assistant is on leave now. She could show you around next week.
在博物館里有許多模型汽車展出，現(xiàn)在有些古老的東西正在出售。上周她到北京出差去了，她的助理也正在休假。她下周可以帶你轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。
2. They were all invented hundreds of years ago.
它們都是幾百年前發(fā)明的。
Hundreds of… 意思是“數(shù)以百計的，成百上千的”。hundreds, thousand, million等詞與of一起用時，表示不定量的數(shù)目，必須用復數(shù)形式，而且前面不能有具體的數(shù)字。例如：
He has received thousands of letters. Hundreds of people are still waiting for him.
他收到了成千上萬封信。數(shù)以百計的人還在等他。
當hundred, thousand等用來表示具體的數(shù)字時，要用原形，表示“一百/千……”時其前常有基數(shù)詞或“a”，后面直接跟所修飾的復數(shù)名詞。例如：
three hundred / thousand people / students
三百人/學生 三千人/學生
five hundred goats / sheep
五百只山羊/ 綿羊
3. But I don’t know the way to the museum.
但是，我不知道去博物館的路。
the way to… 意思是“去……地方的路“，關(guān)于問路的常用句式有：
(1) Could you tell me how I can get to…?
Would you tell me which is the way to…?
Could you tell me how to get to…?
Will you please show me the may to…?
請你告訴我到……怎么走好嗎？
(2) Could you tell me where the school is?
Where is the school, please?
請你告訴我學校在哪兒？
當然問路的表示法還有很多，在此不可能全歸納出來。
4. Have you ever seen dinosaurs on display in museum?
你在博物館里看過恐龍展覽嗎？
on display意思為“陳列，展出”。這是一個介詞短語，在句中可作表語和定語。同義詞組是on show。如：
Some of her paintings are on display / on show in the local art galley.
她的一些畫正在本地的美術(shù)館展出。
The things on show / on display were all a hundred years ago.
展覽的物品都有上百年的歷史了。
5. There you can see the fossils of many kinds of dinosaurs.
在那里你能看到許多中恐龍的化石。
fossil意思為“化石”，是不可數(shù)名詞；口語中還可指“守舊的人；落伍的人”。例如：
My grandpa doesn’t want to be an old fossil.
我爺爺可不愿做個落伍的人。
6. These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.
這些蛋是一群科學家于二十世紀二十年代在戈壁大沙漠發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
in the 1920s意思為“在二十世紀二十年代”。年代的表達法：在年份前加the，年份后加s。如：in the 1840s在十九世紀四十年代
7. So these eggs were laid long long ago by dinosaurs.
這些恐龍蛋是很久以前恐龍孵化的。
句中l(wèi)aid是動詞lay（產(chǎn)卵）的過去分詞。
— How many eggs does your hen lay every week?
— Her hen is laying well，about three every week..
— 你的母雞每周產(chǎn)多少顆雞蛋？
— 我的雞正常下蛋，大約每周三個蛋。
注意區(qū)別以下幾個動詞，它們的原形，過去式，過去分詞及現(xiàn)在分詞�，F(xiàn)將這三個詞的四種形態(tài)列表如下：
原形 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去式 過去分詞
lay（擺放；產(chǎn)卵）laying laid laid
lie（躺） lying lay lain
lie（說謊） lying lied lied
(1) It’s ten o’clock now. Don’t lie in bed all morning.
都十點鐘了，別一上午都躺在床上。
(2) She is an honest girl. She won’t lie to me. She has never lied to me.
她是個誠實的姑娘。她不會說謊的。她對我從來都沒撒過謊。
8. That means dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared!
那就是說恐龍在人類出現(xiàn)之前就存在了。
appear不及物動詞，意為“出現(xiàn)”，反義詞是：disappear意思為“消失”。它們的名詞形式分別是appearance和disappearance。如：
When we reached the top of the hill, the town appeared below us.
當我們到達山頂時，市鎮(zhèn)就呈現(xiàn)在我們腳下。
Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Scientists try to explain their disappearance.
恐龍大約在六千五百萬年前就消失了。科學家試著解釋它們消失的原因。
9. I say it is special because the dinosaur was covered with feathers!
我說它特別，是因為恐龍身上長有羽毛。
be covered with在句中意為“被……覆蓋”，有時還用be covered by。例如：
The road was covered with yellow leaves. The fields were covered by flood. The ground was covered with the white snow.
道路曾被黃葉蓋住了。洪水曾淹沒了田地。大地曾覆蓋著白雪。
另外，cover… with…為主動形式，意思為“用……覆蓋”。例如：
The beautiful girl often covers her face with her hands.
那美麗的姑娘經(jīng)常用手捂著臉。
10. It was founded on October 1, 1949.
它是1949年報0月成立的。
found vt.創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)辦，它與find的過去式和過去分詞相同，注意在句中的區(qū)別。found的過去式和過去分詞是在其后加-ed，即：
find（尋找） found found
found（成立，建立） founded founded
例如：
Mr. Wang is going to found a new factory near our factory. He was very busy this morning. His lost coat was found under the bed at last.
王先生準備在我們工廠附近創(chuàng)辦一家新工廠。今天早上他很忙，他丟失的上衣終于在床下找到了。
11. It’s interesting, isn’t it?
它有趣，是嗎？
interesting和interested都來源于名詞interest，interesting可作表語和定語，主語常指物；interested作表語，主語常指人，常構(gòu)成be (become) interested in… 對……感興趣。類似的詞還有surprising和surprised。
surprising和surprised都是由surprise變換而來的，前者有主動含義，后者有被動含義，surprising的主語通常是物，而surprised的主語通常是人。Be surprised at + n. (v. + ing) 對……感到驚訝，be surprised后還可接不定式和that引導的從句。例如：
(1) The news from the girl is very surprising. She said that dull film was interesting.
從那個女孩那兒得來的消息非常令人吃驚。她說那個無聊的電影很有趣。
(2) The students were very interested in dinosaurs when they visited the museum. They were surprised at seeing the teacher in front of them. Do you know why they surprised to meet their teacher in the museum?
學生們在參觀博物館時對恐龍很感興趣。他們很驚訝地看見老師就在他們前面。你知道在參觀博物館時，為什么他們對遇見老師感到很驚訝嗎？
12. When the bowl was filled with hot water, the wine would get warm.
當碗里裝滿了熱水，酒就會變熱。
Be filled with （某物）被裝滿……，
其主動式為fill… with… 把……裝滿……。例如：
When the room was filled with the smoke, we were filling the hole. The hole was filled with sand at last.
房間里彌漫著煙霧時，我們正用填洞。最終這個洞被沙填上了。
另外，類似的短語錄還有be full of：意思是“充滿……”表示狀態(tài)。
The bottle is full of milk.
這個瓶裝滿了牛奶。
The garden is full of sheep.
園子里到處是羊。
13. Have you used / worn it a lot?
你經(jīng)常用 / 穿嗎？
這里的a lot相當于often，表示經(jīng)常，在句中做狀語錄。另外，a lot常單獨使用，成為句子的一個成分，在句中可作主語、賓語或狀語，意思是“很多，非常”。例如：
(1) Thanks a lot (= very much)!（作狀語）
多謝！
(2) We can learn a lot (= much) from the workers.
�。ㄗ髻e語）我們能從工人們那里學到很多東西。
(3) A lot (= much) has been done about the thing.
�。ㄗ髦髡Z）關(guān)于這件事已經(jīng)采取了許多措施。
(4) It is a lot (= much) colder today.
�。ㄗ鳡钫Z）今天冷多了。
教學建議
被動語態(tài)
本單元繼續(xù)學習被動語態(tài)，我們已知道被動語態(tài)是由be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。當不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰或強調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)由is (am, are) + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，那么一般過去時態(tài)的被動語太就是was (were) 后加not。它的疑問形式一般是將was (were) 放在主語前。
構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞。
例如：The teaching building was built six years ago.
這座教學樓是八年前建的。
肯定句：The window was broken last night.
昨晚玻璃被打碎了。
否定句：The machine wasn’t used for cutting two years ago.
這機器兩年前不是用來切東西的。
The paintings weren’t finished last year.
這些油畫不是去年完成的。
一般疑問句：
Were the textbooks written in English in 1982?
這教材是在982年寫的嗎？
Yes, the were. / No, they weren’t.
是，是在1982年寫的。/ 不，它們不是在1982年寫的。
Was your school built in 1978?
你們學校是建于1978年嗎？
Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.
是，它是1978年建的。/ 不，它不是1978年建的。
特殊疑問句：
When was this club founded?
俱樂部是什么時候成立的？
Where were those buses made?
這些汽車是在哪兒制造的？
[例]He saw here come out of the library.（改為被動語態(tài)）
誤：She was seen come out of the library.
正：She was seen to come out of the library.
解析：凡主動語態(tài)的句子中有省去不定式符號to的不定式作賓語補足語，改為被動語態(tài)時，必須將不定式符號to加上，此時的不定式事實上是主語的補足語了。
被動語態(tài)的語法計時解
上一講我們學了被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)概念、極成及其用法等。大家知道被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+及物動詞的過去分詞+其它”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)都是通過助動詞be來體現(xiàn)的，即be是什么時態(tài)，該被動句就是什么時態(tài)。以動詞do為例，就幾種常見的時候列表如下：
時態(tài)
語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)
is / am / are don
一般過去時態(tài)
was / were done
一般將來時態(tài)
will be done
本期我們將學習更多時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，如一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：
1．構(gòu)成
由上表可知被動語態(tài)的一般過去式是was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。當主語是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞（代詞）時，be用was；當主語是復數(shù)名詞（代詞）時，be用were。
2．用法
一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)主要指在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作。如：
All these things were bought by my mother yesterday.
所有這些東西都是我母親昨天買的。
This kind of cup was used for drinking tea three hundred years ago.
三百年前這種茶杯是用來喝茶的。
主動變被動的特例
同學們都知道，只有帶及物動詞的句子才能由主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。但不是所有帶賓語的動詞都可以變成被動語態(tài)，請看下面幾種不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的情況：
1．賓語是反身代詞時。如：
He taught himself English.
不能變成：Himself was taught by him.
2．賓語是相互代詞時。如：
They help each other. 不能變成：Each other is helped by them.
3．賓語為同源賓語時。如：
The Chinese people live a happy life. 不能變成：
A happy life is lived by the Chinese people.
4．賓語是不可分割的詞組或短語時。如：
Li Lei often keeps his word. 不能變成：His word is often kept by Li Lei.
5．賓語是動詞不定式或動詞ing形式時。
We like singing. 一般不能變成：Singing is liked by us.
6．賓語起狀語作用時。如：
She got to the school gate at 8. 不能變成：
The school gate was got to at 8 by her.
7．賓語是“身體的某一部分”或“感官”時。如：
We believe our eyes. 一般不能變成：
Our eyes are believed by us.
8．賓語是表示“某組織”的名詞時。如：
He joined the League in 1999. 不能變成：
The League was joined by him in 1999.
有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的教學建議
在教學被動語態(tài)時教師應當考慮到這個語法項目對于初中學生而言是一個較難的知識點。教師應當有一定的思想準備。在教學過程中應當設計一系列的語言素材進行機械操練，達到熟能生巧的效果。要求學生將教師所提供的句子變?yōu)楸粍泳洌磻�，越快越好。如可以設計以下的訓練模式：
T:I planted some trees yesterday.
S: Some trees were planted yesterday.
T: Some students cleaned the classroom yesterday.
S: The classroom was cleaned yesterday.
T: He washed some clothes last night.
S: Some clothes were washed last night.
教學建議
本單元關(guān)于聽說讀寫的教學建議
★關(guān)于聽力方面的練習：
對于短文的聽力一直是困繞初中英語教學的一個難點，對于情景性較強的對話的聽力教師教起來比較輕松，學生練起來也比較容易。而對于長文章的聽力訓練則顯得有些力不從心。但是這正是我們教學中要解決的一個問題。在訓練學生的對于短文的聽力時，首先要告訴學生一些聽短文的基本要領(lǐng)。如：
1. 要首先抓住文章的大意，抓住文章的主旨；
2. 在聽的過程中一定要一句一句地聽，而不要一個詞一個詞地聽；
3. 遇到有聽不懂的句子時，千萬不要著急，耐心地往后聽，這樣會解決一些聽的過程中的個別詞語障礙的問題；
4. 聽完以后可以嘗試著進行一些復述練習，以鞏固和強化聽的效果。
在本單元中可以利用第38課這篇課文作為練習的材料。在進行聽力訓練之前，教師可以介紹一下與課文有關(guān)的背景知識，這樣更有利于加強聽力練習的實效性。
★關(guān)于口語方面的練習：
本單元中有兩處較長的對話，37課和第40課。這兩課教師應當充分利用作為口語訓練的直接材料。教師在上口語課時，不應拘泥于課文本身所提供的語言素材。教材所提供的語言素材只是學生應當掌握的知識起點，而遠非終點。所以教師在輔導學生進行口語練習時，應當鼓勵學生大膽地就課文材料在進行機械操練的基礎之上，進行創(chuàng)新。
★ 關(guān)于讀寫方面的練習：
本單元的閱讀材料是一篇記敘文，其中貫穿著語法教學。第38課練習l可幫助學生對整篇文章有個完整的印象，并可借助回答這些問題來復述課文。在學生理解的基礎上，教師幫助學生分析課文的寫作特點，使學生對一般過去時被動語態(tài)在什么情況下使用有初步的認識，并為第40課的寫作練習做好鋪墊。
第40課有一個要求學生仿照范例寫一篇短文的練習。在寫的練習前，特意設計了Ask and answer 的練習。練習中的8個問題存在著內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，含有“信息溝”，學生們通過問答來獲取完成筆頭練習所必需的信息。因為筆頭練習的內(nèi)容和所需運用的語言結(jié)構(gòu)都與本單元前幾課緊密相關(guān)。所以在充分學好前幾課的基礎下寫好這篇短文并不困難。
教師在呈現(xiàn)這8個問題時，可使用投影片。教師說物品的名詞，如：a watch，然后要求學生回答問題。每次呈現(xiàn)投影片中的l道問題，遮住其他問題。學生先口頭回答1-2組問題，并分別將這些問題的回答口頭串成一篇短文。教師可提供一些詞語，如： metal, glass, cotton, street marker, shop等。在學生口頭練習基本熟練的情況下，再要求他們筆頭完成課堂
練習。教師亦可將范文作為聽寫練習的材料。在課本提供的8個物品名詞中，必會詞為：watch, radio, computer其余可作為學生了解的詞語。
教學建議
關(guān)于一般過去時被動語態(tài)的教學建議
本單元的語法重點是一般過去時被動語態(tài)。第9單元已經(jīng)教學了一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)，所以本單元語法教學應將復習與教新課相結(jié)合。
教師先依次出示畫有cotton, jacket, wool, coats, thermos圖案的卡片，復習一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，引出下列對話：
1. T: What's this?
Ss: It's cotton.
T: Where's cotton grown?
Ss: It's grown in....
2. T: Is this a jacket?
Ss: Yes, it is.
T: What's it made of?
Ss: I think it's made of cotton.
3. T: What's this?
Ss: It's wool.
T: Where's it produced?
Ss: It's produced in/at . . ..
T: What's (the) wool used for?
Ss: It's used for making sweaters or coats.
T: Look at these coats. They're made of wool.
4. T: What's this?
Ss: It’s thermos.
T: What's it made of?
Ss: The inside is made of glass and the outside is made of metal.（教師給予適當?shù)奶崾荆?/p>
T: What's it used for?
Ss: It's used for keeping water hot.
為了降低難度，第4段對話也可先讓學生仿照前三段對話來提問，教師來回答。然后交換。還可以在適當?shù)臅r間讓學生做group 或pair的連鎖問答。
然后教師讓學生閱讀第38課。在閱讀前，設置一些問題，使學生們帶著問題有目的地進行快速閱讀。
T: Now we are going to read a passage about a group of girls visiting a museum. After reading, you'll have to tell me what the girls saw in the museum?
閱讀完畢，教師將有關(guān)問題和學生們的回答板書在黑板上，一般過去時被動語態(tài)中was和were要彩筆標出。然后進行問答練習。
學生再次閱讀第66課，要求他們找出上面對話練習中未涉及到的被動語態(tài)句子。如：
They were very interested in dinosaurs.
So these eggs were laid long long ago by dinosaurs!
It was discovered in Liaoning Province.
教師引導學生分析課文中哪些句子可改寫成一般過去時被動語態(tài)。如：
Miss Li showed them a picture of the feathered dinosaur. →
They were showed a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.
A picture of the feathered dinosaur was showed to them by Miss Li.
教學設計示例
Lesson 37
Period: The First Period
Content: Lesson 37
Properties: Recorder
Teaching Objectives:
1. Study the grammar: the Passive Voice in the past Simple Tense.
2. Learn some new words and useful expressions.
Language Focus:on show, hundreds of, invent / invention
Teaching Procedures:
�、�. Organizing
Greetings and make a duty report.
Ⅱ. Revision
1. check the homework.
2. Revise the name of objects from the last unit and the Passive Voice: What's it made of? Where's it made? What's it used for? etc.
�、�. Presentation
Present the sentences:
What's it made of?
What's it used for?
Then present the sentences:
What was it made of?
What was it used for?
Ask students to compare with the groups sentences.
�、�. Listening.
Part 1. Close books, listen to the tape and answer the questions.
Where did Du Hui go yesterday?
When were the old inventions on show invented?
Play the tape again and make sure students can answer the questions correctly.
Ⅴ. Practice
Ask some students to practice the dialogue.
Then in groups and in pairs. At last let the students act it out.
Ⅵ. Ask and answer
Part 2. Ask the students to ask and answer in pairs according to the questions in the box.
�、�. Practice
Ask students to make sentences, and then change them into the Passive Voice in the past Simple Tense.
�、�. Workbook
Do Exercise 1.
Ask the students to read and complete the dialogue alone, then check the answers with the whole class.
Do Exercise 2 in pairs.
�、�. Exercises in class.
Complete the dialogues
Kate: Hello, Mary! This is Kate ________.
Mary: ________ Kate.
Kate: I ________ you yesterday, but you weren't ________.
Mary: Oh, ________. I went to the Museum.
Kate: Is it interesting?
Mary: Yes, I saw many things ________ show. They were all ________ hundreds of years ________.
Kate: Are there any new ________?
Mary: Yes. Why not go there and have ________?
Kate: That's a good idea.
Ⅹ. Homework
Do Exercise 3 in the exercise books.
Make up a new dialogue.
探究活動
解讀標志語
設計一次家庭作業(yè)，讓學生去商店，旅店，街道上收集各種有關(guān)英文標識語，回到班級后進行交流以拓展知識面。在總結(jié)時，出示各種標志圖或列出數(shù)個標志語，讓學生用英語來解釋每個標志的意思，以及用于何種場所、何種時間等。
EXIT 出口 ENIRANCE入口 CLOSED停止 OPEN營業(yè) PULL拉 PUSH推 UPSTAIRS請上樓 DANGER危險 FULL客滿 POISON有毒 OCCUPIED（廁所）有人
NO SMOKING請勿吸煙 NO SPITTING不準隨地吐痰
NO PARKING HERE 此禁止停車 NO LITTERING不準亂扔果皮紙屑
NO DUMPING不準倒垃圾 NO VISITORS 游人止步
NO PHOTOS 不準拍照 NO FISHING禁止垂釣
NO SWIMMING禁水游泳 NO HANDLE 請勿用手
查找和整理資料
鼓勵學生查找一些與恐龍有關(guān)的背景資料，然后進行整理，之后在小組之間進行交流。
Dinosaur Era (時代)
We know that prehistoric (史前的) animals once lived on Earth because of their fossils. Fossils are the remains of animals and plants（1） that lived millions of years ago. The largest known dinosaur is the largest land animal that has ever been found. Its name is Seismosaurus（地震龍）, and from its head to the end of its tail (2), it measured 120-150 feet. Seismosaurus was a plant eater and would not have been dangerous –unless it stepped on （3）you, for it weighed about 10 tons. Dinosaurs were reptiles (爬行動物), but very different from today’s reptiles. Many were giant-sized, and armed with ferocious（兇惡的） teeth and savage horns. Above them, great pterosaurs（翼龍） swooped（4）through the air on leathery（5）wings. The dinosaurs and pterosaurs ruled the Earth from about 200 million years ago until they died out about 65 million years ago. Many dinosaurs, including the biggest of all, Diplodocus（梁龍）, lived only plants. Others were flesh eaters and hunted the plant-eating dinosaurs.
注釋：
�。�1）the remains of animals and plants 動植物死后遺留下來的東西
（2）from its head to the end of its tail 從頭到尾
（3）step on… 踩……
�。�4）swoop/swu:p/ v.飛撲，猛撲
�。�5）leathery adj. 堅韌的
博物館觀后感
為培養(yǎng)學生愛國主義情懷，激勵他們振奮、向上，并為作為中國人而自豪。組織學生參觀故宮博物院或其他博物館，選擇有代表性的展品，向他們展示古中國的先進科技和古中國人的高超技藝，使他們理解古中國在世界的地位。令他們在參觀中受到教育和啟迪，增強愛國主義的思想感情，為中華民族的振興而努力學習、勤奮工作。參觀后寫一篇日記作為觀后感。
[注意]
1. 英文日記的格式：日記一般沒有標題，也無需落款。通常在左上角，寫出日期和星期，星期在前，日期在后。日期的順序常為：月、日、年。也可以在右上角，寫出天氣。
2. 敘事為主的日記必須從表達中心思想的需要出發(fā)，講清事情，使讀者明白所講的是什么樣的人，怎樣的事。同時注意把必要的時間、地點交代明白。事情總是隨著時間的進程發(fā)展變化的，所以記事常常按照事情發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局的時間順序來寫。有的事應該詳寫，有的可以略寫；有的適宜直接述說，有的可以借人物對話來反映，這些都從表達中心的需要和效果來考慮。整篇文章要寫得完整、清晰、有條理，使讀者讀后留下深刻的印象。敘述事件的語言要生動、形象。語言風格也可以風趣、幽默，也可輔之以表達作者的感情和態(tài)度。
3. 記事的記敘文一般都用過去時態(tài)，因為它敘述的都是發(fā)生過的事，但根據(jù)需要部分內(nèi)容也可用一般現(xiàn)在時；在人稱使用上，本人的經(jīng)歷或耳聞目睹的事件用第一人稱；表示他人的經(jīng)歷和事件用第三人稱。
[范文]
Saturday May 12 sunny
Our class visited the Palace Museum in Beijing today. It took us an hour to get there by bus. All of us were very excited.
After we put on specially-made shoes, we orderly walked into the entrance and watched the things on show carefully. Some of them were hundreds of years old, and they looked beautiful. For example, a real queen’s hat. It was made of gold and pearls. It was one of the most important relics and it was priceless. The gold string and pearls shone so brightly by the light that many students stopped to have a look at it. We were deeply moved by the ancient Chinese people. How clever they were!
One of us was too excited to control her feeling. She asked the girl working there if she could try it on. It made us laugh a lot and her face turned red. How funny it was!
What else impressed me was a blanket made of trunks. It was a tribute from India to China. You know there were elephants living there and the Indian King wanted to express his respect and thanks to our country. It was so thin that it looked transparent and must be comfortable to sit or sleep on it during the hottest season.
The high walls stood for the power, respect, wealth and secret. There were many interesting and instructive stories to tell. From these things and facts, we could know that how strong and big Old China was and we really feel proud as Chinese and we will try our best to build our country and make it more beautiful and stronger.
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